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pahlavi: second letter

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Mahdi Dibaiee 2022-09-15 21:01:37 +01:00
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_posts/2022-09-15-pahlavi-avestan-intro.md
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@ -24,14 +24,29 @@ Sound: n, v, r, u, û, o, ô, rarely l
Modern Persian equivalents: ن، و، ر، گاهی ل
Description: Joins with preceding <span class='pahlavi'>f, gE, s, a, l, Z</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>G</span>, but not with any succeeding letter. Pahlavi words ending with <span class='pahlavi'>t, c, p, k</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>, can optionally add an extra final <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>. |
Notes: Joins with preceding <span class='pahlavi'>f, gE, s, a, l, Z</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>G</span>, but not with any succeeding letter. Pahlavi words ending with <span class='pahlavi'>t, c, p, k</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>, can optionally add an extra final <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>. |
Examples:
1. <span class='pahlavi'>n</span> (û): a conjunction, meaning and, or; و.
2. <span class='pahlavi'>nnn</span> (van): a tree, forest, jungle
3. <span class='pahlavi'>kyn</span> (nêvak): good, beautiful, virtuous; نیک.
4. <span class='pahlavi'>nDXn</span> (nihān): secret, concealed; نهان.
5. <span class='pahlavi'>rpn</span> (vafra): ice, snow, hail, sleet. برف.
5. <span class='pahlavi'>rpn</span> (vafra): ice, snow, hail, sleet; برف.
# <span class='pahlavi'>f</span>
Sound: i, y, d, j, g
Modern Persian equivalents: ی، د، ج، گ
Notes: In the body of a word it retains its form <span class='pahlavi'>f</span> before <span class='pahlavi'>n, i, b, k</span> as <span class='pahlavi'>y, I!, __B!, q</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>H!</span>; in all other cases it lapses into <span class='pahlavi'>i</span>.
Examples:
1. <span class='pahlavi'>f</span> (ê or î): used as an izâfat اضافت to show relation between two words, as possessor and the person or a thing possessed, in which case <span class='pahlavi'>f</span> shows the genitive case.
2. <span class='pahlavi'>rFnp_f_rTXË</span> (mâtar-î-pûsar): mother of the boy; مادرِ پسر.
3. Using izâfat is optional, and when it is dropped, it is necessary that the qualifying adjective or the thing possessed must precede the thing possessed or qualified; e.g. <span class='pahlavi'>rTXË_rFnp</span> (pûsar mâtar), and it is the rule that a <span class='pahlavi'>Q</span> (zak) or <span class='pahlavi'>fQ</span> (zak-î) is added before the two words, so: <span class='pahlavi'>rTXË_rFnp_fQ</span> (pûsar mâtar)
4. It is also used as a rendering of Avesta relative pronouns <span class='pahlavi'>OvjE</span>, <span class='pahlavi'>WvjE</span>, <span class='pahlavi'>TavjE</span>, who, which and what.
5. Used as the numeral "one" when it follows a substantive, e.g. <span class='pahlavi'>f_aB!</span> (gabrâ-ê) a man; <span class='pahlavi'>f_TlË</span> (mart-ê) a man; مردی.
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