pahlavi: add 3 more letters
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@ -10,8 +10,11 @@ author: Mahdi
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custom_head: <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/khusro.css"">
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---
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Pahlavi is the name associated with a group of scripts used to write Middle Persian and Avesta, ... (better research and introduction)
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This language is written and read right-to-left, however in this blog post because the main body of text is English, the text is aligned on the left-side.
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This blog post requires a browser that supports custom fonts, since I am using the [Khusro Pahlavi font](http://avesta.org/iranian-font/pahlavi.html). If you cannot see this blog post properly, a PDF version of this blog post is available [here]().
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# Alphabet
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@ -24,7 +27,7 @@ Sound: n, v, r, u, û, o, ô, rarely l
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Modern Persian equivalents: ن، و، ر، گاهی ل
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Notes: Joins with preceding <span class='pahlavi'>f, gE, s, a, l, Z</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>G</span>, but not with any succeeding letter. Pahlavi words ending with <span class='pahlavi'>t, c, p, k</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>, can optionally add an extra final <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>. |
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Notes: Joins with preceding <span class='pahlavi'>f, gE, s, a, l, Z</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>G</span>, but not with any succeeding letter. Pahlavi words ending with <span class='pahlavi'>t, c, p, k</span> and <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>, can optionally add an extra final <span class='pahlavi'>n</span>.
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Examples:
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1. <span class='pahlavi'>n</span> (û): a conjunction, meaning and, or; و.
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@ -48,6 +51,61 @@ Examples:
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4. It is also used as a rendering of Avesta relative pronouns <span class='pahlavi'>OvjE</span>, <span class='pahlavi'>WvjE</span>, <span class='pahlavi'>TavjE</span>, who, which and what.
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5. Used as the numeral "one" when it follows a substantive, e.g. <span class='pahlavi'>f_aB!</span> (gabrâ-ê) a man; <span class='pahlavi'>f_TlË</span> (mart-ê) a man; مردی.
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# <span class='pahlavi'>i</span>
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Sound: d, g, i, j, y , e
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Modern Persian equivalents: د، گ، ی، ج
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Notes:
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1. Combines with all preceding letters except <span class='pahlavi'>n,_ b,_k,_t,_c</span> and with all succeeding letters except <span class='pahlavi'>n,_ b,_Ë</span> where it takes the forms <span class='pahlavi'>y, __B!,_M!</span>.
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2. Used to represent numeral "one", e.g. <span class='pahlavi'>ZLi</span> (ê-raz): one hundred; یک صد, <span class='pahlavi'>KLi</span> (ê-rag): one thousand; یک هزار.
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# <span class='pahlavi'>gE / F</span>
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Sound: s
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Modern Persian equivalent: س
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Notes:
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1. The <span class='pahlavi'>gE</span> form of this letter is used when it is the final word of a simple word, or when that simple word is part of a compound word, e.g. <span class='pahlavi'>gEAr</span> (râs), <span class='pahlavi'>gEann</span> (vînâs), <span class='pahlavi'>Rak_gEann</span> (vînâs-kâr)
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2. The <span class='pahlavi'>gE</span> form of this letter is also used when before <span class='pahlavi'> B,_Ë,_n</span>, e.g. <span class='pahlavi'>t_gE</span> (sût), <span class='pahlavi'>vH_gEA</span> (asmân)
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3. The <span class='pahlavi'>gE</span> form of this letter is also used to represent the numerical cipher 40, forty <span class='pahlavi'>J___A_jEc</span> (chêhal); چهل
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Examples:
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1. <span class='pahlavi'>N_gE</span> (dîv): satan, Dev, a demon, an evil spirit; دیو.
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2. <span class='pahlavi'>s|rF</span> (srôsh): one who obeys or hears; the name of the angel who protects mankind by night and day against the attacks of the Daevas, and guards the souls of the dead for the first three nights. He may be compared with Gabriel of Semitic mythology, as a principle messenger of God. He is always styled as <span class='pahlavi'>n b|rsA_=_s|rF</span> (srôsh-î-ahlôb): holy srosh; metaphorically means "obedience", "humility".; سروش.
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3. <span class='pahlavi'>nvjXpF</span> (spâhân): The city of Ispahan, former capital city of Iran; اصفهان.
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# <span class='pahlavi'>s</span>
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Sound: š (sh)
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Modern Persian equivalent: ش
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Notes:
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1. In Indian manuscripts this letter is generally given as <span class='pahlavi'></span>DE</span>, which can be read as š, dâ, gâ, jâ, yâ, ih.
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Examples:
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1. <span class='pahlavi'>ivjX</span> (šûi): a husband; شوی، شوهر.
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2. <span class='pahlavi'>nnTFvjX</span> (šôstan): to wash, to cleanse, to purify; شستن.
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3. <span class='pahlavi'>anks</span> (šikôh): pomp, grandeur, majesty, dignity; شکوه.
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# <span class='pahlavi'>a<span>
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Sound: a, â, kh, h
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Modern Persian equivalents: آ، خ، ه
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Notes:
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1. Can be used as a prefix, denoting "not" or negation, e.g. <span class='pahlavi'>gEA_nv</span> (a-vînâs): sinless.
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Examples:
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1. <span class='pahlavi'>v</span> (hû): a prefix indicating "good", "well"; opposite of <span class='pahlavi'>sy</span> (dûš) bad
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2. <span class='pahlavi'>tËy</span> (hû-mat): good thought
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3. <span class='pahlavi'>nvL_Ia</span> (aîrân): the home of the Aryans, the Iran proper; ایران.
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4. <span class='pahlavi'>DEnTEa</span> (aêtîh): existence, being; هستی.
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